A history of civil disobedience
María José Falcón y Tella
Editions diversités Genève 2004
Pages 230.
Ref: cuhd6
Cet ouvrage, s’attache à définir les événements les plus marquants et les doctrines les plus importantes qui ont jalonné l’histoire de la désobéissance civile dès ses débuts. Dans une première partie, traite des antécédents et de l’évolution de cette notion au cours de l’histoire, notamment à travers le mythe de Prométhée, l’Antigone de Sophocle, la Lysistrate d’Aristophane, pour ne citer qu’eux. L’histoire du Christianisme et de ses origines présente aussi des exemples de recherches en ce sens. Le Christianisme médiéval et la théorie des deux glaives sont l’objet d’une analyse qui mène María José Falcón y Tella à aborder la doctrine catholique de la désobéissance civile, du Moyen-Âge jusqu’à nos jours. Un chapitre particulier est également consacré au Protestantisme dans les différents pays d’Europe, tel que le perçoit le Professeur Falcón y Tella. Celle-ci étudie en outre les diverses conceptions de la désobéissance civile à travers le monde. Puis, dans la seconde partie de l’ouvrage, l’auteur se penche sur les théories développées par les principaux représentants modernes de la désobéissance civile : Henry D. Thoreau, Mohandas K. Gandhi et Martin Luther King. Pour conclure, l’auteur passe également en revue les grandes campagnes contemporaines par lesquelles s’est illustrée la désobéissances civile, non sans mentionner les divers mouvements qui à travers le monde ont illustré les différentes approches du problème.
Table des matières
PART 1 - ANTECEDENTS AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE GREEK TRADITION
1. The concepts of Themis and Dike, Aidos and Eusebeia
2. The Myth of Prometheus
3. Sophocle's Antigona
4. Socrates' Reverential Behaviour towards Punishment according to
 Plato's Crito Dialogue. Was it True Civil Disobedience?
5. Aristophanes' Lysistrata and the First Sit-in in History
6. Aristotle's Idea of the Passage from Pure Forms to Degenerate
Forms of Government
III. CHRISTIANITY AND THE MEDIEVAL TWO SWORDS DOCTRINE
1. Biblical Teachings
1.1. The Old Testament and The Jewish People. Civil Disobedience
among the Prophets, Women and Children
1.2. Jesus Christ's Teaching in the New Testament
2. The Christian Martyrs. The Critical Voices of Tertullian and Lactantius
3. The Church Fathers and Saint Augustine's Teachings in The City of God
4. Scholasticism ant the Theory of Aquinas
5. The XVI and XVE Century Spanish Theological School
5.1. Francisco de Vitoria and the Ethics of War
5.2. Francisco Suarez's Theory of Popular Consent
5.3. Juan de Mariana and the Theory of Tyrannicide
5.4. The Problem of the Unjust Law's Bindingness in Domingo de
Soto
6. Catholic Doctrine in the 19th and 20th Centuries
IV. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
1. Causes and Precedents of Protestantism
2. Germany: Martin Luther's Doctrine of Free Interpretation and
Justification by Faith
3. John Calvin and Aristocratically-Tinted Resistance in Switzerland.
Calvinism in France. The Huguenots
4. Other Politico- Religious Movements in England in the XVI and XVII
Centuries
V. REFUSAL TO SERVE IN ETIENNE DE LA BOETIE'S DISCOURSE ON VOLUNTARY SERVITUDE
VI. CONTRACTUALIST THEORIES
1. General Considerations Regarding Social Contract Theory
2. The Main Exempla of Contractualism
2.1. Contractualist Precedents
2.1.1. The Theocratic Idea in the Biblical Pact
2.1.2. Manegold von Lautenbach's Concept
2.2. Classical Anglo-Saxon and French Contractualism.
2.2.1. Thomas Hobbes's Absolutist, Vertical Idea of Obedience
2.2.2. John Locke's Liberal, Horizontal Idea of Obedience
2.2.3. The North American Community. Thomas Jefferson: The
Pursuit of Happiness and the Duty to Resist
2.2.4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Democratic Idea of the General
Will
2.3. Neocontractualism
3. The Critique of Contractualism
VII. THEORIES OF SOVEREIGNTY
1. Sovereignty as an Historical and as a Comparative Idea
2. Making the Theory of Sovereignty Holy
2.1. The Sovereign Monarch
2.2. Popular Sovereignty
3. The Crisis in the Concept of Sovereignty through the Division of
Powers Principle
VIII. UTILITARIANISM
1. Main Characteristics of Utilitarianism Both in General and with regard
to Disobedience to the Law
2. Main Utilitarian Theories
2.1. David Hume as Forerunner of Utilitarianism: Betwixt
Utilitarianism and Contractualism
2.2. Jeremy Bentham or Quantitative and Selfish Utilitarianism
2.3. John Stuart Mill or Qualitative and Altruistic Utilitarianism
IX. ROMANTICISM. A REBEL IN DEFENCE OF RIGHT. HEINRICH VON KLEIST'S MICHAEL KOHLAAS.
X. THE EXCESSES OF LEGAL POSITIVISM: THE PRINCIPLES OF THE NUREMBERG TRIALS
XI. REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS. COLONIAL INDEPENDENCE AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. LIBERALISM AND INDIVIDUALISM
XII. IDEALISM: KANT, OBEDIENCE TO LAW AS A CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE AND THE A PRIORI DENIAL OF THE RIGHT TO RESIST
XIII. MARXIST-LENINIST MATERIALISM: LAW AS IDEOLOGY. THE REVOLUTION AND THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT
XIV. ANARCHISM. LEO TOLSTOY'S HUMANITARIAN, NON VIOLENT VERSION
XV. EXISTENTIALISM: ALBERT CAMUS' "MAN THE REBEL"
XVI. HERMAN MELVILLE AND BILLYBUDD
PART 2 - THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
I. HENRY DAVID THOREAU
1. Biographic Data and Stages in Thoreau's Work on Civil Disobedience
2. Underlying Ideology in Thoreau's Work
3. Was Thoreau's True Civil Disobedience or Rather Tax Objection ?
II. MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI AND THE THEORY OF SATYAGRAHA
1. Biographic Data
2. Gandhi's Theory of Satyagraha
3. A Comparison between Gandhi's Theory of Civil Disobedience and
the Modern Western Theory
III. MARTIN LUTHER KING. JR
1. Historical and Biographical Data
2. Indian and North-American Disobedience: A Comparative Analysis
3. Martin Luther King's Non-Violent, Direct Action, Integrationist
Movement and Its Differences from Civil Disobedience
IV. OTHER MODERN, CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE CAMPAIGNS: MEANS EMPLOYED AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES INVOLVED
1. Civil Disobedience in the U.S.A.
1.1. Civil Rights Movements
1.1.1. The Beginnings of Abolition, Suffragism and the Labour
Movement
1.1.2. The 1960's Sit-in Cases
1.1.3. Contemporary Forms of Civil Disobedience
1.2. Anti-War Protests: The Vietnam War Polemic. Forms of Protest
1.2.1. Draft Resistance. The Berrigan Brothers
1.2.2. Tax Resistance
1.2.3. Nuclear Resistance
2. European Social Movements from the 1960's on
2.1. The Case of Germany
2.2. Civil Disobedience in Great Britain: The Russell Committee. The Case of Northern Ireland
2.3. Spain and the Refusal to Do Military Service
2.4. Civil Disobedience in Russia and Eastern Europe
2.5. Civil Disobedience in Italy. The Case of Danilo Dolci
3. Civil disobedience in Other Context
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